American Espionage

Most Americans think the CIA has always existed. It hasn't. For most of the nation's history, the United States had no permanent intelligence service at all - and every time it built one, it tore it down when the war was over.American Espionage: Seven Things You Should Know traces the full arc of American intelligence history, from George Washington's remarkably sophisticated Culper Ring to the Cold War mole hunters who discovered, too late, that the most dangerous threats had been sitting at the desk across the hall all along.The seven things:¿ George Washington was America's best spymaster - and nobody knew it. The Culper Ring was so well protected that its members' identities stayed secret for nearly a century and a half.¿ America kept tearing down what it built. After every conflict, the intelligence apparatus was dismantled, the knowledge dispersed, and the next generation started over from scratch.¿ The ONI was official but not operational. The first permanent American intelligence agency was founded in 1882 - to read foreign journals and attend ship launchings. The actual espionage happened elsewhere, by people whose names don't appear in any official record.¿ The enemy was already here. German intelligence networks were running sabotage operations inside the United States for two years before America entered the First World War. Most Americans have never heard of the Black Tom explosion.¿ Gentlemen don't read each other's mail. Herbert Yardley broke the diplomatic codes of twenty foreign governments, delivered a triumph at the Washington Naval Conference - and was shut down by a Secretary of State who found the whole enterprise ungentlemanly. Then Yardley wrote a book about it.¿ The OSS was a brilliant improvisation that almost didn't survive its own success. Wild Bill Donovan built America's first real intelligence service from scratch during World War II. Truman dissolved it eighteen days after Japan surrendered.¿ The mole problem: America's worst spy disasters came from within. Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen operated undetected for years inside the very agencies whose job it was to catch them. Their expertise was their cover.Short, accurate, and written for the genuinely curious reader. No prior knowledge required - only the willingness to discover how much of this history has been hiding in plain sight.Companion reading to the Nathan Tower Novels of Espionage and Intrigue - fiction set in the early years of the Office of Naval Intelligence, when the gap between what America's first intelligence agency was authorized to do and what the world required was being quietly closed by people who left no official record.Part of the I'm No Expert, But series. Curious, a little lost, and taking notes.